HOBT Cultural Appropriation Policy
Summary
We created our Cultural Appropriation Policy because we saw a need. Instances of cultural appropriation would arise; we needed a process to address and prevent instances of cultural appropriation in our work.
This policy was created through several stages of revisions and feedback from staff, artists, and board members.
This document will continue to develop with staff, board, artist, and MayDay Council input and with the lessons learned from putting these procedures into practice.
Please feel free to take this policy and adapt it to your context. We welcome your thoughts and feedback. Reach out to [email protected] to continue the conversation.
Policy
SUMMARY
HOBT commits to:
- Promote artist, staff, board and audience awareness of how HOBT’s work represents the cultures of our neighbors and the cultures of the world.
- Promote artist, staff, board and audience awareness of cultural appropriation and why it is harmful.
- Establish a process for identifying, reporting, addressing and communicating about incidents of cultural awareness at HOBT.
- Provide open access to HOBT’s full cultural appropriation policy document.
- Make resources available to compensate individuals of the non-dominant culture (non white cis heterosexual male Christian culture) for their work on addressing incidents of cultural appropriation if that work does not fall within an existing job description. HOBT will include a DEI line item in the budget that would be available to support the implementation of this policy. Any compensation strategy is determined on a case by case basis by [HOBT Staff group or role].
- Address artists, staff or board members who exhibit patterns of harmful expression and/or a failure to follow reporting procedures through education, policy, canceling contracts and/or terminating employment.
HOBT expects artists, employees and board members to:
- Educate themselves about cultural expression and cultural appropriation.
- Follow HOBT reporting procedures when they become aware of cultural appropriation.
- Follow HOBT Reporting Procedures when others report to them cultural appropriation.
- Read and agree to these bullet points
NEED
In drafting this policy, HOBT staff researched examples of policy around cultural appropriation from other organizations. Staff found very little in the way of relevant examples to follow. This policy, as drafted in December 2019, revised Spring 2020, and approved June 2020, is intended as a starting point for learning together and holding each other accountable. This document should continue to develop with input and with the lessons learned from putting these procedures into practice.
This policy is NOT intended to shame or banish individual acts of cultural misappropriation. This document does lay out a process that, if needed, may result in disciplinary (and/or course corrective action). But the goal here is conversation and not condemnation. In a blog post titled “Hey, you got a little racism stuck in your teeth,'' Vu Le writes in Nonprofit AF:
With all the injustice out there that we are trying to fight, let’s give each other some grace. Let’s admit we don’t know everything and we can’t be perfect. Let’s all lower our defenses and see each other as imperfect human beings trying hard to do some good in a complex world. And when someone says, “Hey, you got a little bit of racism (or sexism, or ableism, or ageism, etc.) stuck in your teeth,” we thank them, do some looking in the mirror to remove it, and continue forward to make our world better.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I have read and understand HOBT’s Cultural Appropriation Policy Summary. I agree to follow HOBT reporting procedures when I see potentially harmful artistic content, as well as when concerns about potentially harmful content are reported to me. I have access to HOBT’s full Cultural Appropriation Policy Document as well as access to HOBT’s reporting procedures.
DEFINITIONS
The definitions below are intended to build shared vocabulary around this work.
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- Culture: a set of common beliefs that hold people together. These common beliefs give rise to social practices, and social practices are imbued with meaning. (Cultural theorist Stuart Hall)
- Cultural Content: Refers to the symbolic meaning, artistic dimension and cultural values that originate from or express cultural identities. (UNESCO)
- Cultural Expressions: Those expressions that result from the creativity of individuals, groups and societies, and that have cultural content. (UNESCO)
- Cultural Representation: Cultural representation refers to the way we use language, discourse and images to produce meaning. “the use of photography in the construction of national identity and culture; the poetics and politics of exhibiting other cultures in ethnographic museums; fantasies of "the racialized other" in popular media, film and image; the construction of masculine identities in discourses of consumer culture and advertising; and the gendering of narratives in television soap operas.” (American Psychological Association)
- Cultural Oppression/ Cultural Imperialism: Cultural Oppression is the intentional disadvantage of groups of people based on their identity while members of the dominant group receive an advantage - this can manifest based on cultural groups. "Imperialism" here refers to the creation and maintenance of unequal relationships between civilizations, favoring a more powerful civilization. Cultural imperialism involves the normalization of a dominant group's experience as universal. This phenomenon promotes and imposes cultural expectations of the dominant group on the less powerful or marginalized group. (National Equity Project, Beyond Intractability, Five Faces of Oppression)
- Cultural Appropriation: Cultural Appropriation happens when someone who is part of a dominant culture adopts aspects of a culture that had been oppressed by that dominant culture outside of its original cultural context. Cultural Appropriation is different from cultural exchange or cultural assimilation. Cultural exchange can only happen between equal cultures. Cultural assimilation happens when someone who is part of a less dominant culture takes on aspects of a more dominant culture in order to survive conditions hostile to their less dominant culture. (creative facilitator Maisha Z. Johnson)
GOALS
This document has the following goals
- To build a shared understanding of how art represents and appropriates culture
- To establish policy and process for addressing harmful cultural representation and appropriation
With the definitions above, we can assume that cultural appropriation DOES and WILL happen at HOBT. Art is cultural expression. Artists absorb culture in their training, and cultural content comes out in artistic expression. Because HOBT specifically works to share stories across cultures, HOBT artists frequently absorb and express techniques, ideas and stories from cultures other than their own. Human beings, and especially people who are part of dominant cultures, often do not see cultural appropriation when it happens. If we cannot always prevent harmful cultural appropriation from happening, HOBT as a cultural organization has a responsibility to identify and address harmful appropriation of culture when we see it.
PROCESS
This policy relies on the following actions:
- Identifying potentially harmful expression (the responsibility of each individual)
- Reporting the concern (the responsibility of artists, employees, and board members)
- Assessing the situation (the responsibility of board and staff leadership, though other help may be needed)
- Taking action (the responsibility of board and staff leadership)
- Following up
Identifying potentially harmful expression
People from dominant cultures are often unaware of harmful cultural representation or appropriation. Developing awareness of the impacts of dominant culture is a personal process. Artists, employees and board members at HOBT are likely to be spread across a spectrum of awareness. The following are suggestions for what questions a person might ask themselves and when they might ask these questions.
Some questions to ask yourself:
- What cultural content is being presented and from what culture? In what ways is this an oppressed culture?
- Who is presenting the cultural content and what is their connection to the culture being represented?
- Who might be offended by the way the cultural content is being presented and why?
When should you ask these questions? There are many points in the artistic process when a person might become aware that cultural appropriation might have occurred, and people in many roles (more than those listed below) who might become aware.
- In critical thinking about how to engage with the public in art making (audiences, artists, staff, board, community partners)
- Earliest stages of project development (artists)
- Sharing ideas with a project team (team members, general manager, programs manager)
- Writing a grant proposal (development staff, communications staff, Executive Director)
- Developing a project budget (finance staff, executive director)
- Hiring staff and artists for a project (project staff, programs manager)
- Rehearsals and readings (project staff, artists)
- Previews and performances (audiences, reviewers, board members)
- Feedback processes (funders, project evaluators, staff/board performance reviews)
Reporting a concern
When an HOBT artist, employee, or board member identifies potentially harmful cultural appropriation, HOBT expects that person to communicate this with others. Depending on the situation, this may be an uncomfortable conversation to have. Comfort and safety in communication is important to identifying and addressing harmful cultural appropriation as early as possible in the process to avoid further harm. Below are suggestions on how to navigate potentially uncomfortable communication.
HOBT’s Personnel policy includes more detailed guidelines for reporting questionable conduct. The simplest way to resolve a concern is often directly between the individuals involved. This does not always feel safe or appropriate in the workplace. HOBT suggests considering reporting concerns to others in the following order. If the concerned person does not feel comfortable with reporting to the first person on the list, or is not satisfied with the outcome, then consider the second person on the list, then the third, et cetera.
- The person directly responsible for the cultural representation or appropriation
- The concerned individual’s direct supervisor, project lead or committee chair
- The Executive Director
- The Board Chair
- Any other board member
- The anonymous reporting form available on HOBT’s website on the Get Involved / Contact Us page.
Assessing the Situation
Once a concern has been reported, the person receiving the report is responsible for assessing the concern and taking appropriate action. If a concern is reported to you in your role at HOBT, your responsibilities include:
- Understanding the concern. You might start by discussing the questions listed above under “Identifying potentially harmful expression”. Talking written notes will be helpful later in the process.
- Understanding whether the person reporting to you wants to remain anonymous. Make sure the person reporting understands that you will protect their anonymity if they wish, though protecting anonymity sometimes limits the kinds of actions that can be taken.
- Determining whether to address this yourself or to include others.
- Maybe you are very familiar with the work and the people involved, and you feel confident asking for changes or making the changes yourself. If you address the concern on your own, assess whether the person who reported to you is satisfied with that outcome. Report to your direct supervisor/project lead/committee chair the decisions you make and the actions you take.
- Maybe you are uncomfortable addressing the concern on your own, or you want support in determining who should take action and what action should be taken. Report the situation to your direct supervisor/project lead/committee chair, who is then responsible for this same set of steps.
It may not be immediately clear who is qualified to assess the cultural content of a project, whether that content is problematic, and what actions should be taken. Here are some ideas for where that assessment work might be most appropriate:
- One on one conversation
- Conversation among members of a project team
- Conversation among employees
- Conversation among board members
- Conversation with people outside the organization
- People outside the org who report concerns
- DEI consultants
- Consultants representing the cultures being discussed
Some additional questions to ask:
- Whose project is this? (who developed it?, who will own the intellectual property?)
- Who is communicating cultural content (the writer, director, designer, performer)?
- Who is responsible for the cultural content of this work?
- Who is responsible for assessing the cultural content of this work?
- Who has been hurt and what damage has been done?
- Whose feedback do we need and how will we get their feedback?
- What are we willing/able to do/change based on what we learn?
Taking action on potentially harmful expression
Following Up
Any employee who signs a contract with a contractor is responsible for determining whether a contractor has violated the terms of that contract and the appropriate discipline or course correction to be taken. Employees signing contracts generally include a project lead as well as the Executive Director. The goal is for collaborative solutions building. The Executive Director is responsible for addressing the performance of staff. The board of directors is responsible for approving organizational policy and is responsible for addressing the performance of the Executive Director.
While we cannot foresee every action that may be needed after harmful cultural expression has occurred, we can imagine that appropriate actions may include:
- Requesting changes to a project
- Terminating a project, terminating individual contracts, or terminating employees
- Changing organizational policy
- Following up with people affected by the situation.
Once actions have been determined, or once actions have been taken, the person/group who made decisions and took action should do the following:
Document what happened so that we can carry forward the lessons learned. Employees and contractors should submit a written report to their direct contact or supervisor. Board members should submit a written report to the board chair.
Consider whether it is appropriate to communicate with:
- Individuals harmed by the cultural content
- Individuals who reported concerns
- Artists or others asked to make changes
- Other artists, board and/or staff
- The general public
In any of these cases, it may be helpful to:
- Thank people for their participation in the process.
- Let them know what process was used and who assessed needed actions.
- Let them know what actions were taken/will be taken.
- Let them know what they can do according to our reporting procedures if they are not satisfied with the outcome.
Finally, once all other steps are complete, it may be helpful to review how well this policy and these procedures served the situation, and whether updates are needed.
Examples
Below are some examples of how the process might work:
Example 1: An artist discusses an idea for a project with HOBT staff. After the conversation, the staff member feels uncomfortable with some of the cultural content. Staff might feel comfortable communicating their concern directly with the artist who can consider changes. Other staff might be pulled in to recommend an appropriate team to review the work and give feedback to the artist.
Example 2: An artist hired to work on a project perceives cultural content in the project as problematic. They might bring their concern directly to the project’s writer or director. That lead artist might thank them for the feedback and make changes directly to the project. The concerned artist may feel more comfortable bringing their concern to the General Manager, the Executive Director, or even to a board member. The staff or board member who receives this concern asks clarifying questions including whether the artist reporting their concern would like to remain anonymous. That staff or board member brings the concern to staff or board leadership (whomever they report to). Leaders assess the concern and make recommendations to the project leaders, who enact recommended changes. As possible, decision makers communicate their process, recommendations and outcomes to the concerned artist.
Example 3: One or more audience members express concern over the cultural content of a project. The Communications Director receives these concerns via e-mail and shares them with the Programming Committee. The Programming Committee assesses whether it is useful or appropriate to follow up with the audience member(s) with clarifying questions. The Programming Committee assesses the concern and what changes would be necessary. If possible, the Programming Committee works with the project leaders to enact recommended changes. The Communications Director replies to concerned audience member(s) thanking them for their feedback, explaining the process that was used to address their concerns, and what changes were made. If needed, a public statement is issued acknowledging the concern and describing outcomes. If needed, the Programming Committee recommends changes to the project review process.
Awareness and Education
The most effective tool for addressing cultural appropriation is increasing awareness and supportively educating one another so that harmful appropriation is avoided altogether. Below are online resources identified in December 2019 as potentially helpful in understanding and avoiding cultural appropriation.
What’s Wrong with Cultural Appropriation? These 9 Answers Reveal Its Harm
- It Trivializes Violent Historical Oppression
- It Lets People Show Love for the Culture, But Remain Prejudiced Against Its People
- It Makes Things ‘Cool’ for White People – But ‘Too Ethnic’ for People of Color
- It Lets Privileged People Profit from Oppressed People’s Labor
- It Lets Some People Get Rewarded for Things the Creators Never Got Credit For
- It Spreads Mass Lies About Marginalized Cultures
- It Perpetuates Racist Stereotypes
- White People Can Freely Do What People of Color Were Actively Punished for Doing
- It Prioritizes the Feelings of Privileged People Over Justice for Marginalized People.
Hey, you got a little racism stuck in your teeth
Blog post by Vu Le in Nonprofit AF
A Guide to Understanding and Avoiding Cultural Appropriation
- Why are you "borrowing" this? Is it out of a genuine interest? Is it something you feel called to do? Or, does it simply look appealing and you're following the trends?
- What is the source? For material items such as artwork, was it made by someone from that culture? What does this item mean to them?
- How respectful is this to the culture? What would someone from that group feel about it?
5 Simple Questions That’ll Help You Avoid Unintentional Cultural Appropriation
- To What Ethnic/Racial/Cultural Group Does the Practice or Artifact Belong?
- How Is the Group that the Practice or Artifact Belongs to Oppressed?
- Do You Benefit from Doing This? How?
- Why Might It Make Someone Uncomfortable?
- What Makes It Possible for You to Engage with this Practice, Tradition, or Material?
How to Avoid Cultural Appropriation & Promote Cultural Awareness Instead
- Research the Culture
- Avoid the Sacred
- Don’t Stereotype
- Promote Diversity
- Engage, Promote & Share Benefits
- Explanation of the Lens of Systematic Oppression
- List of questions to ask in order to use this perspective
- Distributive Injustice
- Procedural Injustice
- Retributive Injustice
- Moral Exclusion
- Cultural Imperialism
- Exploitation
- Marginalization
- Powerlessness
- Culture of Silence
- Cultural Imperialism
Further Needs
Addressing cultural appropriation will be ongoing work. HOBT sees the following as additional resources that would be helpful to develop beyond this policy:
- A Critical Feedback Process document for reviewing all artistic content
- A dedicated budget for addressing needs when they arise
- A process for delivering critical feedback without shaming
- Consider having someone on retainer to consult as needed